• There is growing evidence to show that parenting programmes can be an effective way of improving the behaviour of pre – adolescent and adolescent children who have behaviour problems. The effects last over time.
• Overall, behaviourally oriented parenting programmes seem to produce the biggest subsequent changes in children’s behaviour. While programmes with a strong emphasis on communication and relationships increased positive parental outcomes and family cohesion and decreased family conflict.
• The results also indicate that evidence based parenting programmes may produce more changes in children’s behaviour. Group discussions can be a strong source of non–stigmatising support for parents.
• Much of the research demonstrates the link between conduct disorders in early childhood and later delinquency, and consequently the importance of intervening early in a child’s life. Offering early intervention to families with young children who are aggressive and disruptive helps not only children and their families but has wider preventive implications for violence in society.
• Effective programmes will encourage strong relationships between parents, support the wider family and contribute to the building of more cohesive communities.